Switch engine
| Switch engine | |||||||||
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| Pattern type | Methuselah | ||||||||
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| Number of cells | 8 | ||||||||
| Bounding box | 6 × 4 | ||||||||
| MCPS | 10 | ||||||||
| Lifespan | 3911 generations | ||||||||
| Final population | 842 | ||||||||
| L/I | 488.9 | ||||||||
| F/I | 105.3 | ||||||||
| F/L | 0.215 | ||||||||
| L/MCPS | 391.1 | ||||||||
| Discovered by | Charles Corderman | ||||||||
| Year of discovery | 1971 | ||||||||
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A switch engine (or Corder engine[1]) is a methuselah that was found by Charles Corderman in 1971.[2] It produces a copy of itself after 48 generations, glide-reflected 4 cells northwest (starting in the form to the right), along with some active junk. If left unattended, the accumulating exhaust overtakes and destroys the engine after 24 cycles, but it can be stabilized to make c/12 diagonal puffers and spaceships.
History
In 1971, Charles Corderman investigated the fate of all the small polyominoes exhaustively. Records indicate that he found the switch engine while investigating the decominoes (polyominoes having 10 cells). However, record of the decomino switch engine predecessor seems to have been lost.[3] There is, however, a unique nonomino switch engine predecessor whose 2-tick descendant matches that of a switch engine:[4]
| Nonomino switch engine predecessor (click above to open LifeViewer) RLE: here Plaintext: here |
It is the smallest known polyomino to do so. If Corderman was examining polyominoes in order of size, then this smaller predecessor should have been found first in any case.
Stabilization
The movement of a switch engine can be sustained in several different types of patterns.
Infinite growth
There are two basic types of stabilized switch engine orbits, both of which were also found by Charles Corderman: the period-288 block-laying switch engine (the more common of the two), stabilizing in an orbit of six cycles (with additional glide symmetry) and period-384 glider-producing switch engine, stabilizing in an asymmetric orbit of eight cycles. These two puffers are the most natural infinite growth patterns in Conway's Game of Life, being by far the most common ones to occur from non-symmetric random starting patterns.[5] Switch engine-based puffers and combinations thereof, such as pony express and birthday puffer, are also the only infinite growth patterns observed to have emerged from asymmetric soups on Catagolue.
Because the switch engine lends itself so naturally to infinitely-growing patterns, it appears in many of the smallest known superlinear growth patterns, including the mosquitoes, catacryst, metacatacryst, Gotts dots, and 20-cell quadratic growth.
In addition to the puffers based on a single switch engine, puffers such as Noah's ark can be created by combining two switch engines. Such puffers are generally quite dirty.
There are also patterns such as conga line switch engine extender which produces an extending line of switch engines. It is based on Ian07's discovery earlier that month that a single switch engine could be stabilized by another switch engine following closely behind it.
Spaceship
- Main article: Cordership
it is also possible to create spaceships made of switch engines that interact to remove their combined exhaust. They are named "Cordership" in honor of Charles Corderman. These spaceships move at c/12 diagonally and are thus the slowest known non-adjustable spaceships in Life. Such spaceships can be constructed by combining as few as two switch engines.
'Swimmer' tracks
- Main article: Switch engine channel
Like Herschels, switch engines can be supported by conduits made out of well-separated still lifes. These 'swimmer tracks' were first constructed by David Bell in 2005. Stable converters have since been constructed that convert Herschels or gliders to switch engines and back.
Final pattern
The final pattern that results from a lone switch engine has 842 cells. It consists of 60 blocks, 33 beehives (including one honey farm), 50 blinkers (including eight traffic lights), 12 gliders, 11 boats, 11 loaves, four ships, two long boats, two ponds, and two tubs.
Synthesis
In 1973, Douglas G. Petrie employed a 4-glider recipe of a switch engine in his synthesis for a block-laying switch engine.[6] Decades later, Luka Okanishi discovered a surprisingly small 3-glider synthesis for a clean switch engine on March 12, 2017.[7]
Other rules
The only two-state isotropic alien rule where the main mechanism of the switch engine still works is B3/S236e. No single-engine orbits are known in that rule despite searches being done[8][9], but there are known Corderships that work.[9]
Gallery
| 8-cell 0, 1, 2 and 9-cell 3, 4, 5-generation switch engine predecessors[10] (click above to open LifeViewer) RLE: here Plaintext: here |
References
- ↑ "Corder engine". The Life Lexicon. Stephen Silver. Retrieved on June 10, 2009.
- ↑ Robert Wainwright (December 1971). Lifeline, vol 4, page 2.
- ↑ Dave Greene (July 17, 2015). Re: CMD shape switch engine (discussion thread) at the ConwayLife.com forums
- ↑ Dave Greene (July 18, 2015). Re: CMD shape switch engine (discussion thread) at the ConwayLife.com forums
- ↑ Adam P. Goucher. "Statistics". Catagolue.
- ↑ Robert Wainwright (June 1973). Lifeline, vol 10, page 5.
- ↑ Luka Okanishi (March 12, 2017). Re: Thread For Your Accidental Discoveries (discussion thread) at the ConwayLife.com forums
- ↑ dani (November 8, 2022). Re: Thread for basic questions (discussion thread) at the ConwayLife.com forums
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Schiaparelliorbust (October 23, 2020). Re: Thread for basic non-CGOL questions (discussion thread) at the ConwayLife.com forums
- ↑ dani (March 17, 2022). Re: Thread for your unsure discoveries (discussion thread) at the ConwayLife.com forums
External links
- Switch engine at the Life Lexicon
- Nonomino switch engine predecessor at the Life Lexicon
- "Single Switch Engine". Game of Life Information, Class 4 Objects Catalog, Type B -- Puffer Trains.
- "Double Switch Engine". Game of Life Information, Class 4 Objects Catalog, Type B -- Puffer Trains.
- "Multiple Switch Engines". Game of Life Information, Class 4 Objects Catalog, Type B -- Puffer Trains.